Archimedes� screw, 1856.

FRANCE - SEPTEMBER 18: Chromolithograph by E Wormser of the hydraulic screw whose invention is traditionally ascribed to Greek mathematician Archimedes (c 287-212 BC). Turning the handle at the top makes a ball travel up the helical tube. This device is still in use in many parts of the world for raising water. Illustration from �Grands dessins colories pour l'enseignement de la mecanique / composes sous la direction de M le General Morin _ et par les soins de M Tresca�, by Arthur Jules Morin (1795-1880), published in Paris in 1856. The collected 30 plates were sold in a portfolio, but could also be bought as a series or separately, and were produced for the purpose of instructing the general public in the intricacies of mechanical engineering. (Photo by SSPL/Getty Images)